Tetra are species of small freshwater fish from South and Central America and Africa, belonging to the family Characidae and to its former subfamilies Alestiidae (the "African tetras") and Lebiasinidae. The characidae are distinguished from other fish by the presence of a small adipose fin between the dorsal fin and caudal fin. Many of these, such as the neon tetra, are brightly colored and easy to keep in captivity. Consequently, they are extremely popular for home aquaria.
The term tetra is not actually a taxonomic, phylogenetic term. Because of the popularity of tetras in the fishkeeping hobby, many unrelated fish are commonly known as tetras, including species from differing families. Even fish that are vastly different may be called tetras. For example, Hydrolycus scomberoides is occasionally known as the "Sabretooth Tetra" or "vampire tetra."
Although the list below is sorted by common name, in a number of cases the common name is applied to different species. Since the aquarium trade may use a different name for the same species, advanced aquarists tend to use scientific names for the less-common tetras. The list below is incomplete.
Tetra species:
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